La Tour Eiffel

Bonjour. Je'mapelle Loretta Au and I am currently a Junior at CSI High School. This year’s Junior Graduate Portfolio Assignment required students to reflect on their most meaningful learning experience. I have prepared a presentation on the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was a memorable and meaningful learning experience to me because of the shape and structure. Through this project, I hope to show you the wonders and beauty of the tower.



Bibliography

History

The Eiffel Tower is a mass of iron was designed by Gustave Eiffel for the Universal Exposition, which celebrated the anniversary of the French Revolution. Costing at about $35 million US dollars, the tower was built from 1887 to 1889 and used as for telegraphy. The Eiffel Tower initially received harsh criticism. The structure was unlike any other French architecture, so other French artists were unappreciative of a different and unique artwork, referring to it as “a truly tragic street lamp”. Other engineers felt that the structure disregarded engineering. However, Gustave knew he was going to build the tallest freestanding structure, and designed the Eiffel Tower in a shape that can withstand the wind. Novelist Guy de Maupassant allegedly ate lunch on the Tower everyday because he claimed it was the only place in the city where he cannot see the Eiffel Tower. As the years went by, criticism decreased as it increasingly became popular with tourists. The city of Paris continues to work hard to maintain the tower. To prevent oxidation, the Eiffel Tower is painted an average of every 7 years. It has been painted 17 times and is scheduled to be repainted at the end of this year. As the years pass, technology and engineering become more advanced, Thus, in the 80s, the Eiffel Tower was renovated. It was strengthened and 1,340 tons of material was removed. Today the Eiffel Tower is the tallest structure and the icon of Paris, France.

Science

The Eiffel Tower is made out of pure iron. Many think that the tower is made of steel, which didn't exist at the time for producing in large quantities. With the knowledge of the abilities of iron, Gustave settled with puddle iron. Puddle iron is a type of wrought iron used mainly in construction. Because the iron is produced in a puddling furnace, it allows better control over iron and provides more strength to the structure. Puddling iron was also used in the framework of the Statue of Liberty and several bridges.

Mathematics

The shape of the Eiffel Tower is simply a mathematical equation determined by wind resistance. The tower is an exponential nonlinear integral differential equation based on the shape and size of the different parts of the tower. The lower and the top of the tower reveal two different functions.





Statistics:
visitors:
In 1999: 6,368,534
In 2000: 6,315,324
In 2001: 6,103,987
In 2002: 6,157,042
In 2003: 5,864,969
In 2004: 6,230,050
In 2005: 6,428,441
In 2006: 6,719,200
In 2007: 6,822,000

dimensions: 125m x 125m.

Cost: $35 million USD

Metal framework weight: 7,300 tons.
Total weight: 10,000 tons.

The pillars are oriented in the manner of the four cardinal points, contained within a square with 125-meter sides.
Height:
1889 (height with flag): 312.27m
1991 (height with antenna): 317.96m
1994 (height with antenna): 318.70m
2000 (height with antenna): 324.00m

Stairs:
347 steps to the first level, 674 steps to the second level, and 1710 steps to the small platform on the top of the tower.

English

I am the icon of Paris, I am the Eiffel Tower
In the evening I light up every hour
On her first day in France, she came to me
The moment after Richard let the group free
The bright lights I shine glistened in her eyes
As her eyes widened, doubling in size
With her friends, she took pictures from afar
Behind them I stood still, luminously like a star
Scattered apart, the group approached me bit by bit
Picking up their pace, it took no time to make it
She stood beside me looking up in amazement
Knowing the replica in Vegas was no replacement
Anxious, eager, she impatiently waited on the line
The longer she waited, the more she’d whine
When she entered the elevator, she stood on the side
So her eyes and the horizon would collide
When the elevator stopped, she had no time to shop
For there was only one flight of stairs to the top
Behind my protective fence, she overlooked the city
Knowing there’s not much in the world as pretty
With her friends, they took pictures in groups
Then exploring my perimeter in circular loops
A few hours later, she had a melancholy heart
For it was time to leave me, it was time to depart
She walked away from me slowly, but looking back
She knew one day, she’d walk this same track
Years from now she will return
Until that day, she will yearn

Technology

Chinese

In 2007, China built its own Eiffel Tower. The replica is one third of the actual tower, standing approximately 354 feet and is located in Tianducheng Residential District in Lipingxingqiao Town of Hangzhou. The town gives residents of china a taste of Europe by building the structure and also building European- style houses.

Hang zhou zai nan bian de zhong guo. Shang hai hen jin. Hang zhou you hen dup ren, ri ri dou hen mang. Hen duo ren dai hang zhou mai dong xi he zuo gong. Marco polo zai shi san shi ji lai dao hang zhou. Ta jue de hang zhou shi zui mei de cheng.